医学考研论坛 - 常用生理学词汇（中英对照）

生理学()词汇

blood [ blQd] 血，血液

blood cell [ blQd sel] 血细胞

blood clot [ blQd klot] 血凝块

blood coagulation [ blQd kEu7Agju5leiFEn] 血液凝固

blood flow [ blQd flEu] 血流量

blood group [ blQd gru:p] 血型

blood pressure [ blQd 5preFE(r)] 血压

blood transfusion [ blQd trA(tra:)ns5fju:z(E)n] 输血

body surface area [ 5bodi 5sE:fis 5eEriE] 体表面积

body temperature [ 5bodi 5tempritFE(r)] 体温

Bohr effect [ bo:(r) i5fekt] 玻尔效应

bradykinin [ 7brAdi5kainin] 缓激肽

caloric value [ kE5lorik 5vAlju:] 卡价（或热价）

capsular pressure [ 5kApsjulE(r) 5preFE(r)] 肾小囊内压

Cardiac index

cardiac reserve [ 5ka:diAk ri5s*:v] 心力储备

cardiac work [ 5ka:diAk w*:k] 心脏作功

carotid body [ 5kArotid] 颈动脉体，颈动脉小球

carrier [ 5cAriE(r)] 携带者，载体，载流子，带虫者

catabolism [ kE5tAbEliz(E)m] 分解代谢，异化作用

cephalic phase [ feiz] 头期

cerebral circulation [ 7s*:kju5leiF(E)n] 脑循环

excitation [ 7eksi5teiF(E)n] 激发，兴奋

excitement [ ik5saitmEnt] 兴奋

exocytosis [ 7eksEusai5tEusis] 胞吐，胞裂外排，外吐作用 

expiration [ 7ekspi5reiF(E)n] 呼气

external environment [ ek5st*:n(E)l in5vaiErEnmEnt] 外环境

external respiration [ ek5st*:n(E)l 7respE5reiF(E)n] 外呼吸

extra spindle muscle [ 5ekstrE 5spind(E)l 5mQs(E)l] 梭外肌

facilitated diffusion [ fE5siliteit di5fju:V(E)n] 易化扩散

feedback [ []] 反馈

fibrinolysis [ 7faibri5nolisis] 纤溶

filling phase [ 5filiN feiz] 充盈相

filling pressure [ 5preFE(r)] 充盈压

filling volume [ 5volju:m (5voljEm)] 允盈量

filtration fraction [ 5frAkF(E)n] 滤过分数

gas exchange [ gAs iks5tFeindV] 气体交换

gastric receptive relaxation [ ri5septiv ri:lAk5seiF(E)n] 胃的容受性舒张 

gastric acid [ 5gAstrik] 胃酸

gastric emptying [ 5gAstrik 5emptiiN] T 1/2胃半排空时间

gastric phase [ feiz] 胃期

gastrin [ 5gAstrin] 胃泌素

generator potential [ 5dVenEreitE(r) pE5tenF(E)l] 启动电位

glomerulotubular balance [ 7glEu7merulEu5tju:bjulE 5bAlEns] 球管平衡

glucagon [ 5glu:kEgon] 高血糖素，胰高血糖素

glucocorticoid [ 7glu:kEu5ko:tikoid] 糖皮质激素

Golgi tendon organ [ 5tend(E)n 5o:gEn] 高尔基腱器官

gonadotropin [ 7gonEdE5tropin] 促性腺激素

Haldane effect [ 5hAldein] 何尔登效应

heart rate [ reit] 心率

heart sound [ ha:t saund] 心音

hematocrit value [ 5hemEtEukrit (hi5mAtEkrit) 5vAlju:] 红细胞比容

hematopoietic microenvironment [ 7hemEtEu7poi5etik 7maikrEuin5vaiErEnmEnt] 造血微环境

hemostasis [ hi5mostEsis] 止血

hemolysis [ hi5molisis] 溶血

hemostatic plug [ 7hi:mE5stAtik plQg] 止血栓子

Homeostasis [ 7hEumiEu5steisis] 内环境稳定，稳态

homometic regulation [ 7hEumEu5metik 7regju5leiF(E)n] 等长调节

hyperpolarization [ 7haipE7pEulErai5zeiFEn] 超极化

in vitro [ 5vitrE] 体外(实验)，离体

in vivo [ 5vi:vEu] 在体(实验)，体内

inactivation [ in7Akti5veiFEn] 灭活 (病毒)，失活

incompatibility [ 7inkEm7pAtE5bilEti] 血型不和

indirect calorimetry [ 7indi5rekt 7kAlE5rimitri] 间接测热法

inflation reflex [ in5fleiF(E)n 5ri:fleks] 肺扩张反射

physiology [ 7fizi5olEdVi] 生理学

absolute refractory period [ 5AbsElu:t ri5frAktri 5piriEd] 绝对不应期

absorption [ Eb5so:pF(E)n] 吸收,吸收作用

action potential [ 5AkF(E)n pE5tenF(E)l] 动作电位

activation [ 7Akti5veiFEn] 激活，活化

active reabsorption [ 5Aktiv 7ri:Eb5so:pFEn] 主动重吸收

active transport [ 5Aktiv trAns5po:t] 主动运输，主动转运

acute experiment [ E5kju:t ik5sperimEnt] 急性实验

adaptation [ 7EdAp5teiF(E)n] 适应

adequate stimulus [ 5AdikwEt 5stimjulEs] 适宜刺激

adrenergic [ 7AdrE5nE:dVik] 肾上腺能的

adrenergic receptor [ 7AdrE5nE:dVik ri5septE(r)] 肾上腺素受体

afterload [ 5a:ftElEud] 后负荷

afterpotential [ 7a:ftEpEu5tenFiEl] 后电位

agglutination of erythrocyte [ E7glu:ti:5neiF(E)n i5riWrEusait] 红细胞凝集

agglutinin [ E5glu:tinin] 凝集素

agglutinogen [ 7Aglu:5tinEdVEn] 凝集原

airway resistance [ 5eZwei ri5zistEns] 气道阻力

albumin [ 5Albjumin] 白蛋白，清蛋白

aldosterone [ Al5dostErEun] 醛固酮

alveolar capillary membrane [ Al5viElE(r) 5kApilEri 5membrein] 肺泡-毛细血管膜

alveolar dead space [ Al5viElE(r) ded speis] 肺泡死腔，肺泡无效腔

alveolar fluid [ Al5viElE(r) 5flu:id] 肺泡液体

anabolism [ E5nAbEliz(E)m] 同化作用，合成代谢

anatomical dead space [ 7AnE5tomikEl ded speis] 解剖无效腔或死腔

androgen [ 5AndrEdVEn] 雄激素

angiotensin [ 7AndViEu5tensin] 血管紧张素

anticoagulation [ 5Anti7kEuAgju5leiFEn] 抗凝

antidiuresis [ 5Anti7daijuE5ri:sis] 抗利尿

aortic body [ A5o:tik 5bodi] 主动脉体

apneustic breathing [ Ap5nju:stik 5bri:TiN] 长吸式呼吸

arch of aorta [ a:tF ei5o:tE] 主动脉弓

arterial pressure [ a:5tiEriEl 5preFE(r)] 动脉血压

arterial pulse [ a:5tiEriEl pQls] 动脉脉

arteriole [ a:5tiEriEl a:5tiEriEul] 微动脉

arteriovenous shunt [ a:7tiEriEu5vi:nEs FQnt] 动静脉短路

artificial respiration [ 7a:ti5fiFEl 7respE5reiF(E)n] 人工呼吸

atrial systole [ 5a:triEl(5eitriEl) 5sistEli] 心房收缩

atrioventricular bundle [ 7eitriEuven5trikjulE(r) 5bQnd(E)l] 房室束

audition [ o:5diF(E)n] 听力

auditory threshold [ 5o:dEtEri 5WreFhEuld] 听阈

automatic respiratory rhythm [ 7o:tE5mAtik ri5spirEto:ri 5riTEm] 自主呼吸节律

automaticity [ o:7tomE5tisEti] 自律性

autonomic nervous system [ 7o:tE5nomik 5nE:vEs 5sistEm] 植物性神经系统，自主神经系

autonomic thermoregulation [ 7o:tEu5nomik 5WE:mEu7regju5leiFEn] 自主性体温调节

autoregulation [ 7o:tEu7regju?5eiFEn] 自身调节

axoplasm [ 5AksEplAzEm] 轴浆，轴质

baroreceptor reflex [ 7bArEri5septe(r) 5ri:fleks] 压力感受性反射

basal metabolism [ 5beis(E)l mi5?AbEliz(E)m] 基础代谢

behavioral thermoregulation [ bi5heivjEr(E)l 5WV:mEu7regju5leiFEn] 行为性体温调节

bidirectional propagation [ 7baidi5rekFEnEl 7propE5geiF(E)n] 双向传导

bioelectricity [ 7baiEuilek5trisEti] 生物电

biphasic action potential [ bai5feisik 5AkF(E)n pE5tenF(E)l] 双相动作电位

bleeding time [ 5bli:diN taim] 出血时间

dark adaptation [ da:k 7EdAp5tei5(E)n] 暗适应

depolarization [ di:7pEulErai5zeiFEn] 除级

depressor reflex [ di5presE 5ri:fleks] 减压反射

diastole [ dai5AstEli] 舒张期

diastolic pressure [ daiE5stolik preFE(r)] 舒张压

diffusion [ di5fju:V(E)n] 扩散，弥散

digestion [ di(dai)5dVestF(E)n] 消化

diluted urine [ dai5lju:t 5juErin] 稀释尿

diopter [ dai5optE(r)] 屈光度

donor [ 5dEunE(r)] 供者

dromotropic action [ 7dromE5tropik 5AkF(E)n] 变传导作用

effective filtration pressure [ i5fektiv fil5treiFEn 5preFE(r)] 有效滤过压 

effector [ i5fektE(r)] 效应器,效应物

ejection phase [ i5dVekFEn 5feiz] 射血相

elastic resistance [ i5lAstik ri5zistEns] 弹性阻力

electrocardiogram [ i7lektrEu5ka:diEugrAm] 心电图

electrochemical gradient [ i7lektrEu5kemikEl 5greidiEnt] 电化学梯度

endocytosis [ 7endEusai5tEusis] 胞吞,入胞,内吞

energy metabolic rate [ 5enEdVi 7metE5bolik reit] 能量代谢率

energy metabolism [ 5enEdVi mi5tAbEliz(E)m] 能量代谢

enteric nervous system [ en5terik 5n*:vEs] 肠道神经系统

equilibrium potential [ 7i:kwi5libriEm pE5tenF(E)l] 平衡电位

erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ i5riWrEusait sedimen5teiFEn] 红细胞沉降率 

erythropoietin [ i7riWrEu5poiEtin] 红细胞生成素，促红素

estrogen [ 5estrEdV(E)n] 雌激素

estrus cycle [ 5es(5i:s)trEs 5aik(E)l] 动情周期

eupnea [ ju:5pniE] 平静呼吸

excitability [ ik7saitE5bilEti] 兴奋性

excitable cell [ ik5saitEb(E)l sel] 可兴奋细胞

excitable tissue [ ik5saitEb(E)l 5tiFu:(5tisju:)] 可兴奋组织

inhibition [ 7inhi5biF(E)n] 抑制

initial length [ i5niF(E)l leNW] 初长

initial urine [ i5niF(E)l 5juErin] 原尿

inotropic action [ 7inE5tropik 5AkF(E)n] 变力作用

inotropic state [ []] 变力状态

insensible perspiration [ in5sensib(E)l p*:spai5reiF(E)n] 不感蒸发(不显汗)

inspiratory capacity [ in5spaiErEtEri kE5pAsiti] 深吸气量

internal environment [ in5t*:n(E)l in5vaiErEnmEnt] 内环境

internal environment homeostasis [ in5t*:n(E)l in5vaiErEnmEnt 7hEumiEu5steisis] 内环境稳态

interneuron [ 7intE5njuEron] 中间神经元

intestinal phase [ in5testinEl feiz] 肠期

intrapleural pressure [ 7intrE5pluErEl 5preFE(r)] 胸膜腔内压，胸内压

intraspindle muscle [ 7intrE5spind(E)l 5mQs(E)l] 梭内肌

intrinsic pathway [ in5trinsik 5pa:Wwei] 内源性途径

iodine pump [ 5aiEdi:n(5aiEdain) pQmp] 碘泵

ionic channel [ ai5onik 5tFAnEl] 离子通道

isometric contraction [ 7aisEu5metrik kEn5trAkF(E)n] 等长收缩

isotonic contraction [ 7aisEu5tonik kEn5trAkF(E)n] 等张收缩

isovolumetric contraction phase [ 7aisEu7voljumetrik kEn5trAkFEn] 等容收缩相

isovolumetric relaxation phase [ 7aisEu7voljumetrik 7ri:lAk5seiF(E)n] 等容舒张相

light adaptation [ lait 7EdAp5teiF(E)n] 明适应

light reflex [ lait 5ri:fleks] 光反射

local current [ 5lEukEl 5kQrEnt] 局部电流

local current theory [ 5lEukEl 5kQrEnt 5WiEri] 局部电流学说

long loop feedback [ 5loN(lo:N) lu:p 5fi:dbAk] 长反馈

lung capacity [ lQN kE5pAsiti] 肺容量

lung volume [ lQN 5volju:m] 肺容量

mass peristalsis [ mAs 7peri5stAlsis] 集团蠕动

maximal acid output [ 5mAksimEl 5Asid 5autput] 最大胃酸排出量

maximum diastolic potential [ 5mAksimEm 7daiE5stolik pE5tenFEl] 最大舒张电位

maximum repolarizing potential [ 5mAksimEm ri:5pEulEraiziN pE5tenFEl] 最大复极电位

mean arterial pressure [ mi:n a:5tiEriEl 5preFE] 平均动脉压

mean circulatory filling pressure [ mi:n 7sE:kju5leitEri(5sE:kjElEtori) 5filiN preFE] 循环系统平均充盈压

membrane potential [ 5membrein pE5tenFEl] 跨膜电位，膜电位

metarteriole [ 7meta:5tiEriEul] 后微动脉

minute respiratory volume [ minit ri5spirEtEri 5volju:m] 每分钟通气量

motor unit [ 5mEutE 5ju:nit] 运动单位

myocardial contractility [ 7maiEu5ka:diEl 7kEntrAk5tilEti] 心肌收缩性

negative chronotropic action [ 5negEtiv 7kronE5tropik] 负性变时效应

negative dromotropic action [ 5negEtiv 7dromE5tropik 5AkFEn] 负性变传导效应

negative inotropic action [ 5negEtiv 7inEu5tropik 5AkFEn] 负变力效应

oxygen capacity [ 5oksidVEn kE5pAsiti] 血氧容量

oxygen content [ 5oksidVEn 5kontent] 血氧含量

oxygen dissociation curve [ 5oksidVEn di7sEusi5eiFEn kE:v] 氧离曲线

oxygenation [ 7oksidVE5neiFEn] 氧合

oxyhemoglobin saturation [ 7oksi7hi:mE5globin 7sAtFE5reiFEn] 血氧饱和度

pacemaker [ 5peismeikE(r)] 起搏器

pacemaker current [ 5peismeikE 5kQrEnt] 起搏电流

paracrine [ 5pArEkrin(krain)] 旁分泌

passive reabsorption [ 5pAsiv 7ri:Eb5so:pFEn] 被动重吸收

passive transport [ 5pAsiv trAns5po:t] 被动运输，被动转运

patch clamp [ pAtF klAmp] 膜片钳

pepsin [ 5pepsin] 胃蛋白酶

peripheral resistance [ pE5rifErEl ri5zistEns] 外周阻力

peristalsis [ 7peri5stAlsis] 蠕动

permeability [ 7p*:miE5bilEti] 磁导率，通透性

permissive action [ pE5misiv 5AkFEn] 允许作用

photosensory cell [ 7fEutEu5sensEri sel] 感光细胞

physiology [ 7fizi5olEdVi] 生理学

pinocytosis [ 7pi(ai)nEsai5tEusis] 胞饮作用

plasma clearance [ 5plAzmE 5kliErEns] 血浆清除率

plasmin [ 5plAzmin] 纤溶酶

plasminogen [ plAz5minEdVEn] 纤溶酶原,纤维蛋白溶酶原

plastic deformation of erythrocyte [ 5plAstik 7difo:5meiFEn ov i5riWrEusait] 红细胞可塑性变形

plateau [ 5plAtEu] 平台期

platelet plug [ 5pleitlit plQg] 血小板栓子

polarization [ 7pEulErai5zeiFEn] 极化

positive chronotropic action [ 5pozitiv 7kronEu5tropik 5AkFEn] 正性变时效应

positive dromotropic action [ 5pozitiv 7dromE5tropik 5AkFEn] 正性变传导效应

positive feedback [ 5pozitiv 5fi:dbAk] 正反馈

positive inotropic action [ 5pozitiv 7inE5tropik 5AkFEn] 正性变力效应

preload [ 5prilEud(pri5lEud)] 前负荷

premature systole [ 7premE5tFu:E 5sistEli] 期前收缩

presynaptic inhibition [ 7pri:si5nAptik 7inhi5biFEn] 突触前抑制

primary hemostatic response [ 5praimEri 7hi:mE5stAtik ri5spons] 初级止血反应

proprioceptors [ 7propriE5septEz] 本体感受器

prothrombin [ prEu5Wrombin] 凝血酶原

pulmonary diffusion capacity [ 5pQlmEnEri di5fju:V(E)n kE5pAsiti] 肺扩散容量

pulmonary exchange [ 5pQlmEnEri iks5tFeindV] 肺换气

pulmonary ventilation [ 5pQlmEnEri 7venti55eiFEn] 肺通气

pulse pressure [ pQls 5preFE(r)] 脉压

pupillary reflex [ 5pju:pilEri 5ri:fleks] 瞳孔反射

Purkinje fiber [ pE5kindVi 5faibE] 蒲肯野纤维

Purkinje system [ pE5kindVi 5sistEm] 蒲肯野系统

rapid ejection phase [ 5rApid i5dVekFEn feiz] 快速射血相

rapid repolarization [ 5Apid ri7pEulErai5zeiFEn] 快速复极

reduced eye [ ri5dju:st ai] 简化眼

reflex [ 5ri:fleks] 反射

reflex arc [ 5ri:fleks a:k] 反射弧

refractoriness [ ri5frAktErinis] 不应性

refractory period [ ri5frAktEri 5piEriEd] 不应期

relative refractory period [ 5relEtiv ri5frAktEri 5piEriEd] 相对不应期

renal glucose threshold [ 5ri:nEl 5glu:kEus 5WreFhEuld] 肾糖阈

renin [ 5ri:nin] 肾素

repolarization [ ri:7pEulErai5zeiFEn] 复极

resistance [ ri5zistEns] 耐药性，阻力

respiratory zone [ ri5spairEtEri zEun] 呼吸带

resting potential [ 5restiN pEu5tenFEl] 静息电位

resting state [ 5restiN steit] 备用状态

rheobase [ 5ri:Eubeis] 基强度

rhesus monkey [ 5ri:sEs 5mQNki] 恒河猴,猕猴

saltatory conduction [ 5sAltEtEri kEn5dQkFEn] 跳跃式传导

second message [ 5sekEnd 5mesidV] 第二信使

secondary active transport [ 5sekEndEri 5Aktiv trAs5po:t] 继发性主动转运

secondary phase of hemostasis [ 5sekEndEri feiz Ev 7hi:5mostEsis] 继发性止血反应

secretin [ si5kri:tin] 促胰液素

secretion [ si5kriFEn] 分泌

segmentation [ 7segmEn5teiF(E)n] 分节运动

sensation [ sen5seiF(E)n] 感觉

sense organ [ sens 5o:gEn] 感觉器官

sensory coding [ 5sensEri 5kEudiN] 感觉编码

sensory receptor [ 5sensEri ri5septE(r)] 感觉器

shell temperature [ Fel 5tempritFE(r)] 体表温度

simple diffusion [ 5simp(E)l di5fju:V(E)n] 简单扩散

single twitch [ 5siNg(E)l twitF] 单收缩

slow ejection phase [ slEu i5dVekFEn feiz] 减慢射血相

slow wave [ slEu weiv] 慢波

somatostatin [ 7sEumAtEu5stAtin] 生长抑素

spasm [ 5spAz(E)m] 痉挛

specific conduction system [ spi5sifik kEn5dQkF(E)n 5sistEm] 特殊传导系统

spike [ spaik] 刺突，锋电位

spontaneous depolarization [ spon5teiniEs di:7pEulErai5zeiFEn] 自动除极

stretch receptors [ stretF ri5septE(r)] 肺牵张感受器

stretch reflex [ stretF 5ri:fleks] 牵张反射

stroke work [ strEuk wE:k] 搏出功

subnormal period [ sQb5no:m(E)l 5piEriEd] 低常期

supernormal period [ 7sju:pE5no:mEl 5piEriEd] 超常期

surface activation [ 5sE:fis 7Akti5veiF(E)n] 表面激活

surfactant [ sE:5fAktEnt] 表面活性物质

synaptic delay [ si5nAptik di5lei] 突触延搁

synergetic effect [ 7sinE5dVetik i5fekt] 协同作用

tension [ 5tenF(E)n] 张力

first heart sound [ []] 第一心音

second heart sound [ 5sekEnd ha:t saund] 第二心音

thermoregulation [ 7WE:mEu7regju5leiFEn] 体温调节

thoracic respiration [ Wo:5rAsik 7respE5reiF(E)n] 胸式呼吸

thoroughfare channel [ 5WQrEfeE(r) 5tFAn(E)l] 直捷通路或直通血毛细血管

threshold [ 5WreFhEuld] 阈

threshold intensity [ 5WreFhEuld in5tensiti] 阈强度

threshold potential [ 5WreFhEuld pE5tenF(E)l] 阈电位

threshold stimulus [ 5WreFhEuld 5stimjulEs] 阈刺激

tissue exchange [ 5tisju: iks5tFeindV] 组织换气

tonic activity [ 5tonik Ak5tiviti] 紧张性活动

tonic contraction [ 5tonik kEn5trAkF(E)n] 紧张性收缩